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Sami (European people) --- Reindeer herding --- Reindeer farming

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Sami (European people). --- Reindeer herding --- Reindeer farming --- Reindeer farming. --- Reindeer herding. --- Sami (European people). --- Sweden.

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Reindeer, Fossil. --- Reindeer herding. --- Herding --- Cervidae, Fossil --- Jagers. --- Rendieren. --- Paléolithique supérieur --- Ahrensburger Kultur. --- Mittelgebirge. --- Funde. --- Middelgebergten. --- Nordwesteuropa. --- Reindeer, Fossil --- Reindeer herding

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Pastoralism has shaped livelihoods and landscapes on the African continent for millennia. Mobile livestock husbandry has generally been portrayed as an economic strategy that successfully met the challenges of low biomass productivity and environmental variability in arid and semi-arid environments. This volume focuses on the emergence, diversity, and inherent dynamics of pastoralism in Africa based on research during a twelve-year period on the southwest and northeast regions. Unraveling the complex prehistory, history, and contemporary political ecology of African pastoralism, results in in

Pastoral systems --- Herding --- Land use --- History --- #SBIB:39A4 --- #SBIB:39A73 --- Herding systems --- Pastoralism --- Animal culture --- Livestock systems --- Herders --- Land --- Land utilization --- Use of land --- Utilization of land --- Economics --- Land cover --- Landscape assessment --- NIMBY syndrome --- Toegepaste antropologie --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Herding. --- Land use. --- Pastoral systems. --- Hirtenkultur. --- Viehwirtschaft. --- Weidewirtschaft. --- Africa. --- Afrika. --- Pastoral systems - Africa --- Pastoral systems - Africa - History --- Herding - Africa --- Herding - Africa - History --- Land use - Africa --- History.

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Through a series of case studies, this third volume in the Earth series deals with the technological constraints and innovations that enabled societies to survive and thrive across a range of environmental conditions. The contributions are structured into three sections to draw out particular commonalities and contrasts in the choices made by pre-industrial communities in the construction of varied landscapes and cultural heritage: Landnam, from the Old Norse for`taking of land', deals with colonisation, including the drivers and processes through which colonisers developed an understanding of the productive potential and limitations of their new lands. Fields and field systems: Field-walls are a distinctive and apparently timeless characteristic of many pre-industrial farming landscapes but they present many the challenges to their study, such as the effects of ploughing, abandonment and land-use change and of urban development in fertile lowland zones which may eradicate, reduce or conceal past systems of land-use and division. The importance of indirect and proxy evidence is illustrated and the value of interdisciplinary and modelling approaches emphasised. Agro-pastoralism: focuses on the complex`time-space adaptations' devised for managing cultivation and livestock production, particularly the need to prevent stock incursions into arable fields during the growing season whilst making effective use of seasonal grazing resources. The contributions focus on mountainous areas, where temporary migrations, in the form of transhumance, provided access to a diversity of resources based around seasonal constraints on their availability and productivity.

Agriculture --- Pastoral systems --- Herding systems --- Pastoralism --- Animal culture --- Livestock systems --- Herders --- Herding --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- History --- Systèmes agraires